St. Teresa of Avila
Broadcast in the United Kingdom over BBC Radio 4 on New Year's Eve, 1999

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By Camille Paglia

There have been two St. Teresas in my life.

The first, Therese of Lisieux, a sweet-tempered 19th-century French nun who died at age 24, was to my dismay hugely popular in the American Catholic Church of my youth, and she remains so. Pretty statues of her as the Little Flower of Jesus, meekly standing with her arms full of roses, are everywhere.

I was introduced to another St. Teresa and quite another kind of statue in college. Bernini's "The Ecstasy of St. Teresa" is a canonical masterwork of the flamboyant Baroque.

It shows Teresa of Avila, the formidable 16th-century Spanish Carmelite nun, lofted by an orgasmic cloud while a flirtatious angel pierces her through the heart. The sculpture's fusion of spiritual and carnal love draws on erotic metaphors from the Song of Solomon.

St. Teresa of Avila, the first woman ever made by papal decree a Doctor of the Church, has been a tremendous role model for me.

Born to wealth, Teresa defied her father by running away to join a convent. Though troubled by illness, she became renowned for her mystic visions, so frequent and powerful that some accused her of satanism.

Teresa was a prolific author and reformer whose influence spread far beyond Spain. As a leader of the Discalced or Barefoot Carmelites, she called for a return to piety and ascetism. With modern managerial skill, she founded a chain of convents and friaries, despite bitter opposition from the church hierarchy.

Ultimately, she triumphed over derision and defamation to become one of the giants of the Counter-Reformation.

Therese of Lisieux, modest, feminine, and obedient, was pre-feminist woman. But Teresa of Avila, bold, fiery, and tenacious, is for me a woman of the future, blending practical realism with passionate idealism.