Even if BioPort gets FDA approval to resume vaccine sales, anthrax vaccine will be available only to the military, not to the general public. That is, unless BioPort can step up production, and get the Defense Department to agree to sales to federal health agencies. If the current anthrax scare in New York and Florida grows, some members of the public are certain to pressure their political leaders for access to the vaccine.
"I will tell you right now, I wish I had access to the vaccine myself, I can tell you," says Dr. Zsolt Harsyani, a former business partner of Fuad and Ibrahim El-Hibri who is president of the Washington office of Porton International.
BioPort's Kim Brennan Root would not disclose how much vaccine the company had stockpiled while awaiting FDA approval for their renovated facility since renovation was completed in 1999. But a congressional aide who has researched the matter estimates that approximately 5 million doses are stockpiled. Vaccination requires six doses over 18 months, and a yearly booster shot.
In testimony to congressional committees, BioPort CEO Fuad El-Hibri has indicated BioPort's viability depends on being able to sell anthrax vaccine to a much larger market than to just the Defense Department, which he said is getting "rock-bottom prices."
"It has become clear to us that the prices paid by the Department of Defense for anthrax vaccine are significantly below BioPort's costs for producing anthrax vaccine," El-Hibri told the House Government Reform Committee in June 1999, a year after he purchased the Defense Department's former anthrax vaccine supplier. "Traditionally vaccine manufacturers have been able to offer lower prices to the government by recovering a substantial portion of their costs through commercial sales. Because of the current unavailability of product, the commercial sales market has not materialized as anticipated. Without a second market, the government cannot expect the rock-bottom pricing it enjoys with some of the other vaccines it purchases."
"As a commercial entity," el-Hibri added, "BioPort cannot continue to subsidize the DoD."
Critics of BioPort are outraged at El-Hibri's contention that BioPort has subsidized the Defense Department. Chief among them is U.S. Rep. Walter Jones, R-N.C., who sits on the House Armed Services Committee. Jones estimates that the Pentagon has paid BioPort almost $150 million since BioPort purchased the state-owned Michigan Biologics Products Institute (MBPI) in 1998, giving it the exclusive U.S. license to make anthrax vaccine -- with no new shipped vaccine to show for the money.
"My whole concern has been that this company cannot meet FDA requirements to produce the product," Jones told Salon Thursday. "So how long does the government continue to put taxpayers' money into a company that cannot produce the product?"
"Since former Secretary of Defense Bill Cohen raised the concern about the possibility of anthrax being used on the military or civilians," Jones added, "the Clinton administration made the decision to go with BioPort."
As his comment suggests, partisan politics may at least initially have played a part in Jones' troubles with BioPort, and its co-founder, Adm. Crowe. Alone among top military brass, particularly those who served Republican administrations, Adm. Crowe endorsed the election of "draft-dodger" Bill Clinton, who was widely despised by the Republican-leaning military establishment. Clinton rewarded Crowe for his endorsement, Jones suggests, with a plumb ambassadorship to England from 1994 to 1997.
And England in the years during and after the Gulf War is key to understanding the close links between the half dozen people who have come to dominate the sale of vaccines against deadly bioweapons in the U.S. and the U.K. Only two countries, the U.S. and Britain, make anthrax vaccine, and El-Hibri has been involved in both, first at Porton International in Britain during the Gulf War, and now with BioPort in the U.S., as the world faces a new terrorism scare. Sources say El-Hibri remained involved with Porton International up until the firm partnered with defense contractor DynCorps in 1997 to get a new Defense Department contract to make a second generation of vaccines against bioweapons. The new company is named DynPort Vaccine Company, and its license to make second generation vaccines to protect against small pox, anthrax and other bioweapons was publicly announced Thursday, although the contract appears to date from 1997.
Next page: Crowe and the El-Hibris hook up in Britain